Search notes:

docker run

docker run creates a container and runs a command in it. 
docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG…]
docker run first executes docker create which explains why many of the command's options are also present in docker create.

Options

--add-host list Add a custom host-to-IP mapping (host:ip)
-a --attach list Attach to STDIN, STDOUT or STDERR
--blkio-weight uint16 Block IO (relative weight), between 10 and 1000, or 0 to disable (default 0)
--blkio-weight-device list Block IO weight (relative device weight) (default [])
--cap-add list Add Linux capabilities
--cap-drop list Drop Linux capabilities
--cgroup-parent string Optional parent cgroup for the container
--cgroupns string Cgroup namespace to use (host|private) 'host': Run the container in the Docker host's cgroup namespace, 'private': Run the container in its own private cgroup namespace Use the cgroup namespace as configured by the default-cgroupns-mode option on the daemon (default)
--cidfile string Write the container ID to the file
--cpu-period int Limit CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) period
--cpu-quota int Limit CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) quota
--cpu-rt-period int Limit CPU real-time period in microseconds
--cpu-rt-runtime int Limit CPU real-time runtime in microseconds
-c --cpu-shares int CPU shares (relative weight)
--cpus decimal Number of CPUs
--cpuset-cpus string CPUs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)
--cpuset-mems string MEMs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)
-d --detach Run container in background (i. e. without interfering with the terminal that started the container) and print container ID. Commands to interact with background containers are docker log and docker attach.
--detach-keys string Override the key sequence for detaching a container
--device list Add a host device to the container
--device-cgroup-rule list Add a rule to the cgroup allowed devices list
--device-read-bps list Limit read rate (bytes per second) from a device (default [])
--device-read-iops list Limit read rate (IO per second) from a device (default [])
--device-write-bps list Limit write rate (bytes per second) to a device (default [])
--device-write-iops list Limit write rate (IO per second) to a device (default [])
--disable-content-trust Skip image verification (default true)
--dns list Set custom DNS servers
--dns-option list Set DNS options
--dns-search list Set custom DNS search domains
--domainname string Container NIS domain name
--entrypoint string Overwrite the default entry point of the image
-e --env list Set environment variables (See the ENV instruction in Dockerfiles).
--env-file list Read in a file of environment variables
--expose list Expose a port or a range of ports
--gpus gpu-requst GPU devices to add to the container (all to pass all GPUs)
--group-add list Add additional groups to join
--health-cmd string Command to run to check health
--health-interval duration Time between running the check (ms|s|m|h) (default 0s)
--health-retries int Consecutive failures needed to report unhealthy
--health-start-period duration Start period for the container to initialize before starting health-retries countdown (ms|s|m|h) (default 0s)
--health-timeout duration Maximum time to allow one check to run (ms|s|m|h) (default 0s)
--help Print usage
-h --hostname string Container host name
--init Run an init inside the container that forwards signals and reaps processes
-i --interactive Keep STDIN open even if not attached. See also -t
--ip string IPv4 address (e.g., 172.30.100.104)
--ip6 string IPv6 address (e.g., 2001:db8::33)
--ipc string IPC mode to use
--isolation string Container isolation technology
--kernel-memory bytes Kernel memory limit
-l --label list Set meta data on a container
--label-file list Read in a line delimited file of labels
--link list Add link to another container
--link-local-ip list Container IPv4/IPv6 link-local addresses
--log-driver string Logging driver for the container
--log-opt list Log driver options
--mac-address string Container MAC address (e.g., 92:d0:c6:0a:29:33)
-m --memory bytes Memory limit
--memory-reservation bytes Memory soft limit
--memory-swap bytes Swap limit equal to memory plus swap: -1 to enable unlimited swap
--memory-swappiness int Tune container memory swappiness (0 to 100) (default-1)
--mount mount Attach a filesystems mount to the container
--name string Assign a name to the container
--network network Connect a container to a network
--network-alias list Add network-scoped alias for the container
--no-healthcheck Disable any container-specified HEALTHCHECK
--oom-kill-disable Disable OOM Killer
--oom-score-adj int Tune host's OOM preferences (-1000 to 1000)
--pid string PID namespace to use
--pids-limit int Tune container pids limit (set -1 for unlimited)
--platform string Set platform if server is multi-platform capable
--privileged Give extended privileges to this container
-p --publish list Publish a container's port(s) to the host. See also docker port
-P --publish-all Publish all exposed ports to random ports (see EXPOSE directive of Dockerfile)
--pull string Pull image before running ("always"|"missing"|"never") (default "missing")
--read-only Mount the container's root filesystem as read only
--restart string Restart policy to apply when a container exits (default "no")
--rm Automatically remove the container when it exits
--runtime string Runtime to use for this container
--security-opt list Security Options
--shm-size bytes Size of /dev/shm
--sig-proxy Proxy received signals to the process (default true)
--stop-signal string Signal to stop a container (default is SIGTERM)
--stop-timeout int Timeout (in seconds) to stop a container
--storage-opt list Storage driver options for the container
--sysctl map Sysctl options (default map[])
--tmpfs list Mount a tmpfs directory
-t --tty Allocate a pseudo-TTY. See also -i
--ulimit ulimit Ulimit options (default [])
-u --user string Username or UID (format: <name|uid>[:<group|gid>])
--userns string User namespace to use
--uts string UTS namespace to use
-v --volume list Bind/mount («share») a volume which allows to share the content of a directory between the host and the container. See also docker cp.
--volume-driver string Optional volume driver for the container
--volumes-from list Mount volumes from the specified container(s)
-w --workdir string Working directory inside the container

-p / -P

TODO: see the Dockerfile EXPOSE command.

-i -t (-it)

-i stands for interactive and keeps STDIN open even if not attached.
-t allocates a pseudo TTY.
I am not sure what this all means, but it turned out that I had to specify both flags to run the Windows image 
C:\> docker run -i -t mcr.microsoft.com/windows:1809 cmd.exe

-v

-v hostPath:imagePath allows to access a host directory or file from a container, see --volume.

--name

--name xyz assigns a name to the container (here: xyz).w
Without using --name, Docker will randomly create a container name consisting of an adjective and a name of an (allegedly) noteable scientist or hacker (for example epic_curie).
The container name boring_wozniak won't be chosen.

docker: Error response from daemon: Conflict. The container name … is already in use by container …

$ docker run  --name xyz …
docker: Error response from daemon: Conflict. The container name "xyz" is already in use by container "…". You have to remove (or rename) that container to be able to reuse that name.
…
$ docker rm xyz
…
$ docker run  --name xyz …
…
Find container names that are alread assigned with either of 
$ docker container ls -a
$ docker ps -a

Got permission denied while trying to connect to the Docker daemon socket at …

$ docker run hello-world
docker: Got permission denied while trying to connect to the Docker daemon socket at …

$ groups
rene

$ sudo usermod -aG docker $USER
$ newgrp docker
$ groups
docker rene

$ docker run hello-world
…

invalid reference format: repository name must be lowercase.

$ docker run no_UPPERCASE_in_repo_name /bin/sh
docker: invalid reference format: repository name must be lowercase.

See also

Docker commands such as docker start

Index