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Oracle: Adaptive SQL plans

An adaptive SQL plan is a (set of?) execution plans each of which contains an alternative how to access and process data for an SQL statement.
Which of these plans is used is decided at the beginning of the SQL execution.

See also

Adaptive query optimization
The column IS_RESOLVED_ADAPTIVE_PLAN in V$SQL or V$SQLAREA
The init parameter optimizer_adaptive_plans.
A simple example to demonstrate an adaptive query.
oradebug event sql_trace plan_stat=all_executions
Using the SQL statement explain plan and dbms_xplan.display to show an SQL statement's execution plan shows the default plan that was chosen for an SQL statement by the optimizer. After executing an SQL statement, dbms_xplan.display_cursor can be used to show the actually executed plan.
dbms_xplan.display_cursor(format=>'adaptive') shows all plan operations, not only those that were executed, but also the alternative ones.

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