Search notes:

SQL Server: Virtual System Columns %%PHYSLOC%%

create table tq84_tab (
   id     uniqueidentifier,
   val_1  numeric,
   val_2  varchar(20)
);
insert into tq84_tab (val_1, val_2) values (42, 'forty-two'  );
insert into tq84_tab (val_1, val_2) values (99, 'ninety-nine');
select
   tab.id,
   tab.val_1,
   tab.val_2,
   tab.%%physloc%%,
   sys.fn_physLocFormatter(tab.%%physloc%%) as dataFileId_dataPageId_slot,
   crk.file_id,
   crk.page_id,
   crk.slot_id
from
  tq84_tab tab                                        cross apply
  sys.fn_physLocCracker  (tab.%%physloc%%) as crk;
drop table tq84_tab;

See also

The values file_id and page_id that are returned by sys.fn_physLocCracker can be used in the dbcc page statement to dump the content of the given page.
%%physLoc%% is probably the closest equivalent to Oracle's rowid.
Other virtual system columns.

Index