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Oracle: Credentials

A credential is a scheduler object that that stores a user name and associated password.
A credential is needed by a job to authenticate itself with the Oracle database or the operating system.

See also

A credential can be created with dbms_credential.create_credential or the deprecated dbms_scheduler.create_credential.
The name of a credential is also used for scheduler related email sending authentication: 
select
   value
from
   dba_scheduler_global_attribute
where
   attribute_name = 'EMAIL_SERVER_CREDENTIAL'
;
Database objects

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