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Oracle: High Water Mark

The high water mark divides a segment into the portion that contains or contained data and the portion that is still unused.
The used part might not contain data or only sparse data because data was deleted again.
The high water mark is especially significant in full table scan because this operation only reads data blocks only up to the high water mark.

See also

A segment's high water mark can be determined with dbms_space.space_usage.

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