-d serverroot | Set the initial value for the ServerRoot directive to serverroot. This can be overridden by the ServerRoot directive in the configuration file. The default is /usr/local/apache2. |
-f config | Specifies the config file for starting up Apache Server. If config does not begin with a /, then it is taken to be a path relative to the ServerRoot. The default is conf/httpd.conf. |
-k start|restart|graceful|stop|graceful-stop | Signals httpd to start, restart, or stop. See Stopping Apache httpd for more information. |
-C directive | Process the configuration directive before reading config files. |
-c directive | Process the configuration directive after reading config files. |
-D parameter | Sets a configuration parameter which can be used with <IfDefine> sections in the configuration files to conditionally skip or process commands at server startup and restart. Also can be used to set certain less-common startup parameters including -DNO_DETACH (prevent the parent from forking) and -DFOREGROUND (prevent the parent from calling setsid() et al). |
-e level | Sets the LogLevel to level during server startup. This is useful for temporarily increasing the verbosity of the error messages to find problems during startup. |
-E file | Send error messages during server startup to file. |
-h | Output a short summary of available command line options. |
-l | Output a list of modules compiled into the server. This will not list dynamically loaded modules included using the LoadModule directive. |
-L | Output a list of directives provided by static modules, together with expected arguments and places where the directive is valid. Directives provided by shared modules are not listed. |
-M Dump | a list of loaded Static and Shared Modules. |
-S | Shows virtualhost settings from the config fil. |
-T | Skip document root check at startup/restart. (Available in 2.3.8 and later) |
-t | Run syntax tests for configuration files only. The program immediately exits after these syntax parsing tests with either a return code of 0 (Syntax OK) or return code not equal to 0 (Syntax Error). If -D DUMP_VHOSTS is also set, details of the virtual host configuration will be printed. If -D DUMP_MODULES is set, all loaded modules will be printed. |
-v | Print the version of httpd, and then exit. |
-V | Print the version and build parameters of httpd, and then exit. |
-X | Run httpd in debug mode. Only one worker will be started and the server will not detach from the console. |