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src/Tasks/Microsoft.Common.CurrenVersion.targets

This file defines the steps in the standard build process for .NET projects.
It contains all the steps that are common among the different .NET languages, such as Visual Basic and Visual C#.

CoreBuildDependsOn

Of particular interest is the <PropertyGroup> that defines CoreBuildDependsOn, the targets that the target CoreBuild depends on. 
<PropertyGroup>
    <CoreBuildDependsOn>
      BuildOnlySettings;
      PrepareForBuild;
      PreBuildEvent;
      ResolveReferences;
      PrepareResources;
      ResolveKeySource;
      Compile;
      ExportWindowsMDFile;
      UnmanagedUnregistration;
      GenerateSerializationAssemblies;
      CreateSatelliteAssemblies;
      GenerateManifests;
      GetTargetPath;
      PrepareForRun;
      UnmanagedRegistration;
      IncrementalClean;
      PostBuildEvent
    </CoreBuildDependsOn>
  </PropertyGroup>
This value is later used in the target CoreBuild like so: 
  <Target
      Name="CoreBuild"
      DependsOnTargets="$(CoreBuildDependsOn)">

      …

  </Target>

Links

https://github.com/microsoft/msbuild/blob/master/src/Tasks/Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets

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