The objects range, worksheet and workbook each have a parent property which returns the instance of which they're part of: range.parent returns a worksheet, worksheet.parent returns a workbook, workbook.parent returns an Application object.
The following piece of code tries to demonstrate that:
option explicit
sub main() ' {
dim obj as object
set obj = cells(1, 1)
getParent obj
getParent obj
getParent obj
end sub ' }
sub getParent(byRef obj as object) ' {
'
' Save old typeName
'
dim typeName_ as string : typeName_ = typeName(obj)
'
' get obj's Parent
'
set obj = obj.parent
'
' print both old and new typename
'
debug.print typeName_ & " -> " & typeName(obj)
end sub ' }